Tsuruoka
Gateway to Dewa Sanzan, sacred mountains of yamabushi Shugendō, with Mt. Haguro's 2,446 stone steps and National Treasure five-storey pagoda; Tsuruoka is a UNESCO City of Gastronomy, with easy side trips to Kamo Aquarium and Sakata's Sankyo Soko warehouses.
Tsuruoka lies in the southern Shōnai Plain in northwestern Yamagata Prefecture, facing the Sea of Japan to the west. It is the largest city in the prefecture by area, and in 2014 became Japan's first UNESCO “City of Gastronomy”. To the southeast, Mt. Haguro, Mt. Gassan and Mt. Yudono — together known as Dewa Sanzan — have been sacred to yamabushi Shugendō for more than 1,400 years. The three mountains symbolise the present, past and future, and completing all three is regarded as a “journey of rebirth”. A visit falls into three parts. First, Dewa Sanzan: on Mt. Haguro, the Zuishinmon gate, the National Treasure five-storey pagoda, the 2,446 stone steps and the Sanshin Gōsaiden shrine at the summit can be visited year-round, and in the Tōge area you can stay at shukubō temple lodgings, eat shōjin ryōri vegetarian cuisine and try yamabushi training. Mt. Gassan (open 1 July to mid-September) and Mt. Yudono (roughly late April to early November) are summer pilgrimages, and Dainichibō and Chūrenji temples in the Ōami area enshrine sokushinbutsu (self-mummified monks). Second, central Tsuruoka: the castle site in Tsuruoka Park, the Chidō Museum and the Matsugaoka Kaikonjō. Third, the coast: Kamo Aquarium, Yunohama Onsen and Zenpōji temple, with Atsumi Onsen to the south; about 25 km north, Sakata has the Sankyo Soko rice warehouses and Sōmarō. Getting there: from Tokyo, take the Jōetsu Shinkansen to Niigata and change to the limited express “Inaho”, about 4 hours in total, or fly from Haneda to Shōnai Airport in about 1 hour. Buses to the mountain sights are infrequent, so renting a car is recommended. Plan to stay 2–3 days, or 3 days to walk the full Three Mountains pilgrimage in summer. Local specialities include Shōnai rice, mōsō bamboo shoots, dadacha-mame edamame, kandara-jiru winter cod soup and Shōnai-fu wheat gluten.
Top sights
- Mount Haguro Five-storied Pagoda & Stone Steps – A national treasure five-storied pagoda deep in a cedar forest. Climb the 2,446 stone steps and along an avenue of centuries-old cedars to…
- Dewa Sanzan Shrine Sanjin Gosaiden – A shrine on the summit of Mount Haguro, where the spirits of the three sacred mountains are enshrined together. It is Japan’s largest thatc…
- Kamo Aquarium – The aquarium with the largest variety of jellyfish on display in the world. About 10,000 moon jellyfish drift in the Jellyfish Dream Theate…
- Mount Gassan – The highest peak of the Dewa Sanzan, at 1,984 metres. After the summer opening, you can climb from the eighth station to the main shrine on…
- Yudonosan Shrine – The inner sanctuary of the Dewa Sanzan, whose sacred object is a reddish-brown boulder from which hot spring water flows. Visitors must go…
- Chido Museum – An open-air museum on the former residence of the Sakai family, lords of the Shonai domain, with the Oinden retreat, multi-storey farmhouse…
- Yunohama Onsen – A hot spring resort facing the sandy beach of the Sea of Japan. Inn open-air baths let you watch the sun sink into the sea, and in summer i…
- Dainichibo Temple – An old temple of the Yudonosan faith that enshrines the sokushinbutsu “Shinnyo Kaijo Shonin”, a practitioner who entered meditation and bec…
- Churen-ji Temple – Another old temple in the Oami district, enshrining the sokushinbutsu “Tetsumon Kaijo Shonin”. It is also the setting of Mori Atsushi's nov…
- Tsuruoka Park (Tsurugaoka Castle Ruins) – A castle-ruins park on the site of Tsuruoka Castle, seat of the Shonai Domain. The moat and cherry blossoms are the signature city-center v…
- Matsugaoka Kaikonjo – The site of a sericulture settlement that former Shonai samurai founded in the early Meiji era by clearing mountain forest. Five large wood…
- Zempo-ji Temple – A seaside temple dedicated to the Dragon God, protector at sea, with deep roots in fishing communities. The wooden five-story pagoda and Ka…
- Yunotagawa Onsen – A small hot spring village on the southern outskirts of Tsuruoka, where novelist Shuhei Fujisawa once taught. Its quiet hot spring street h…
- Atsumi Onsen – A hot spring resort along the Atsumi River with a daily morning market and street foot baths. It is a traditional hot spring destination in…
- Sankyo Soko Rice Warehouses – A group of rice warehouses in Sakata, built in 1893. A row of tall zelkova trees behind them shades the buildings. They symbolize Shonai's…
- Somaro – An old traditional restaurant from Sakata's Kitamaebune trading era, known for its red corridors and the Takehisa Yumeji Art Museum. Visito…
Where to eat
- Al Checciano – The flagship of chef Masayuki Okuda, who cooks Italian dishes with local vegetables and seafood from Shonai and is wide…
- Nezameya Hanbee – A noodle shop founded in 1873, famous for Shonai's local mazukiri wheat noodles and a popular, affordable spot for both…
- Haguro Saikan – The pilgrims' lodge of Dewa Sanzan Shrine, near the summit of Mount Haguro, serving mountain-vegetable shojin ryori roo…
- Ninosaka Chaya – An old teahouse on the stone-step approach to Mount Haguro, where you can eat freshly pounded chikara-mochi while overl…
Itineraries
- Oku no Hosomichi: Matsushima to Sakata – Follow the Tohoku section of Matsuo Basho's journey, from Matsushima through Hiraizumi and Yamadera to the Dewa Sanzan…
- Grand Tohoku Six-Prefecture Rail Loop – Depart from Tokyo and loop through all six prefectures of Tohoku, exploring both the Pacific and Sea of Japan coasts.