Cairo & Giza
An ancient capital on the Nile, with the Giza pyramids, the Sphinx and the newly opened Grand Egyptian Museum; Egypt was the fastest-growing country in UN Tourism's 2025 rankings.
Cairo is the capital of Egypt and one of the largest cities in Africa and the Arab world. It lies at the head of the Nile Delta; the city proper is on the east bank (Cairo Governorate), while the west bank and the plateau with the pyramids belong to Giza Governorate, and the two have long since merged into one metropolis. The sights fall into four areas: first, the Giza Plateau with the pyramids, the Sphinx and the adjacent Grand Egyptian Museum (fully opened in November 2025); second, the area around Tahrir Square, with the old Egyptian Museum, Nile cruises and Zamalek Island; third, Islamic Cairo, with Khan el-Khalili bazaar, Al-Azhar Mosque, Al-Muizz Street and the Saladin Citadel; and fourth, the Coptic quarter of Old Cairo (the Hanging Church and the Ben Ezra Synagogue). Saqqara's Step Pyramid and Dahshur's Bent Pyramid, 30 km to the south, make a good day trip. The climate is desert: Oct–Apr is cool (daytime 20–25°C) and the best time to visit, with chilly mornings and evenings in Dec–Jan; in Jun–Sep daytime temperatures often exceed 38°C, so only go out in the early morning and evening; Mar–May occasionally brings sandstorms. Getting there and around: Cairo International Airport (CAI) has direct flights from Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities, or you can connect via Dubai, Doha or Istanbul. Chinese citizens can get a visa on arrival (about USD 25) or an e-visa. The airport is 45–60 minutes from downtown; use Uber or Careem rather than haggling with taxis. Traffic is heavy, so allow 1 hour to cross town; Metro Lines 1–3 connect Tahrir Square, the Coptic quarter and the airport direction at low fares. Recommended stay: 3–4 days, followed by a 3–4 day Luxor–Aswan Nile cruise. Notes: at the pyramids, "free" camel rides, guiding and photos almost always cost money, so agree the price first; tipping is common at sights and in markets (EGP 10–50); women are advised to dress conservatively, and mosques require long trousers and sleeves and removing your shoes; visits are restricted during Friday noon prayers; do not drink tap water; use both Egyptian pound cash and cards, and most museum tickets can be bought online.
Top sights
- Giza Pyramids & Great Sphinx – The only surviving of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: the 4,500-year-old pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure together with the G…
- Grand Egyptian Museum – The world's largest museum dedicated to a single civilisation. Fully opened in 2025, it displays all 5,000-plus of Tutankhamun's burial obj…
- Khan el-Khalili – Cairo's grand bazaar since the 14th century, known for spices, copperware, papyrus paintings and the century-old Fishawi café. It is the he…
- Citadel of Saladin – A hilltop fortress built by Saladin in 1176 and the centre of Egyptian power for 700 years, with an alabaster mosque and a terrace overlook…
- Coptic Cairo / Hanging Church – Old Cairo, built on the ruins of the Roman fortress of Babylon, with the Hanging Church, St Sergius Church (where the Holy Family is said t…
- Saqqara / Pyramid of Djoser – The world's oldest large stone structure: the 4,700-year-old Step Pyramid of Djoser, plus well-preserved painted noble tombs and a newly re…
- Egyptian Museum – A pink-hued old museum that opened in 1902. Even after Tutankhamun's treasures were moved out, it still holds over 100,000 objects, includi…
- Al-Azhar Mosque – Built in 970 by the Fatimid dynasty, one of the oldest universities in the Islamic world, with a white marble courtyard and five minarets…
- Al-Muizz Street – The central old street of Islamic Cairo, with dense Fatimid and Mamluk mosques, religious schools and mansions within about 1 km, known as…
- Bab Zuweila – The southern gate of the old Fatimid city, completed in 1092, with twin towers you can climb for views over the dense minaret-studded rooft…
- Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan – A pinnacle of 14th-century Mamluk architecture, with a vast cross-shaped courtyard and four towering vaulted halls that leave visitors awes…
- Al-Rifa'i Mosque – The royal mosque opposite Sultan Hassan Mosque, where Egypt's last king, Farouk, and Iran's last shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, are buried.
- Mosque of Ibn Tulun – Completed in 879, the oldest mosque in Cairo that retains its original form, covering about 2.6 hectares, with an external spiral minaret y…
- Gayer-Anderson Museum – A house museum made from two 16th–17th-century old houses joined together, with wooden latticework, rooftop terraces and collections recrea…
- Al-Azhar Park – A 30-hectare Islamic-style garden built on a former 500-year-old rubbish mound, with sunsets over the old city's mosques and the Citadel vi…
- Cairo Tower – A 187-metre lotus-shaped TV tower on Zamalek Island, whose top observation deck offers 360-degree views of the Nile and all of Cairo.
- National Museum of Egyptian Civilization – The new museum in Fustat, whose underground Royal Mummy Hall displays over 20 pharaonic mummies, including Ramesses II, and is one of Cairo…
- Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo – One of the world's richest collections of Islamic art, with around 100,000 objects, including woodwork, ceramics, metalwork, manuscripts an…
- Memphis Open Air Museum – An open-air museum in the village of Mit Rahina, on the site of ancient Egypt's capital Memphis, displaying a 10-metre-long reclining statu…
- Dahshur – The Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid built by Pharaoh Sneferu, a key transition from the Step Pyramid to true pyramids. The site is quiet and v…
- Cave Church (Monastery of Saint Simon) – A group of Coptic churches carved into the cliffs behind Cairo's 'Garbage City'. The main cave can hold 20,000 people, making it one of the…
- Baron Empain Palace – A palace built in 1911 by the Belgian baron who founded Heliopolis, in a style inspired by Angkor Wat and Indian temples. It was restored a…
- Manial Palace – A complex of palaces on Rhoda Island built for Prince Mohammed Ali, blending Ottoman, Moorish, Persian and rococo styles with lavish interi…
- Abdeen Palace – A palace built from 1874 as a royal residence and presidential palace, partly open as museums of weapons, silverware and presidential gifts.
- Wikala of al-Ghuri (Tanoura Dance) – The caravanserai of the last Mamluk sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri, where Sufi whirling (tanoura) performances are held at night for free or a low…
- City of the Dead (Cairo) – An Islamic cemetery stretching for several kilometres east of the old city, where Mamluk sultans' tombs mingle with residents' homes. The M…
- Wadi Al-Hitan – A UNESCO World Heritage desert site in the western Faiyum, where 40-million-year-old fossil whales lie exposed. It's often combined with th…
- Wadi El Rayan Waterfalls & Magic Lake – A man-made lake reserve in the Faiyum desert, with rare waterfalls for Egypt and a Magic Lake that changes color with the light. Visitors c…
- Mosque of Amr ibn al-As – Built in 642 CE in Fustat, the first mosque in Egypt and Africa. It sits close to Coptic Cairo, so it's easy to visit on the same outing.
Where to eat
- Khufu's – A modern Egyptian restaurant right next to the Giza Pyramids, topping the Middle East & North Africa's 50 Best Restaura…
- Koshary Abou Tarek – A famous koshary spot in downtown Cairo, which grew from a 1950s roadside cart into a multi-story specialty restaurant.
- Felfela – An old Cairo restaurant founded in 1959, famous for its ful medames and ta'ameya, featuring lively decor.
- Abou El Sid (Zamalek) – An Egyptian restaurant recreating the atmosphere of a 1930s Cairo mansion, most famous for its molokhia and stuffed pig…
- Zooba (Zamalek) – A local brand that makes Egyptian street food stylish and clean; the Zamalek branch is the original location founded in…
- Naguib Mahfouz Cafe – A restaurant and cafe named after the famous writer in Khan el-Khalili, offering a quiet respite while exploring the ba…
Itineraries
- Classic Cairo & Nile River Cruise – Three nights in Cairo plus a four-night cruise from Luxor to Aswan, followed by Abu Simbel—the standard route for first…
- Cairo First-Timer's Classic – The Pyramids and Grand Egyptian Museum, the Citadel and Khan el-Khalili, and Coptic Cairo: three days to see the best o…
- Sleeper Train & Felucca Journey Across the Nile – Two sleeper train journeys and a night on a felucca, covering Cairo, Aswan, and Luxor to save on accommodation while of…
- Cairo In Depth and Alexandria – Stay in Zamalek and take your time with two Egyptian museums and the Islamic old city, then take a train to Alexandria…
- Grand Panorama Loop of Egypt – Cover Cairo, Aswan, Luxor, the Red Sea, and Alexandria, featuring overland temple routes and the historic Mediterranean…
- Cairo, Fayoum and Alexandria – Based in Cairo, with day trips to Saqqara and Dahshur, the Fayoum Desert, and Alexandria.
- Bahariya Oasis & Black and White Desert – Venture into the Western Desert from Cairo by 4x4, spending one night in an oasis and another camping in the White Dese…
- Strolling the Islamic Old City – Stay in the old city and walk Al-Muizz Street, Bab Zuweila, Ibn Tulun and the City of the Dead, with a Sufi whirling da…
- El Alamein, Siwa Oasis & Alexandria – Travel west along the Mediterranean via El Alamein to Siwa, wrapping up in Alexandria on the way back to avoid a long…
- Pyramids, Pharaonic Treasures and Whale Valley – Stay at the foot of the pyramids, explore the three great pyramid complexes and three museums, then head to the Fayoum…